注解方式配置Bean的方式及底层原理

  1. @Component声明
  2. 配置类中使用@Bean
  3. 实现FactoryBean
  4. 实现BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor
  5. 实现ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar

底层原理分析

所有子方法的内容请看下面注释

//refresh有13个子方法
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
		synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
			// Prepare this context for refreshing.
			//容器状态设置,初始化设置,检查必备属性是否存在
			prepareRefresh();

			// Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory. 设置beanFactory序列化Id,获取beanFactory
			ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

			// Prepare the bean factory for use in this context. 类加载器,忽略依赖,添加后处理器,解析器, 注册组件
			prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

			try {
				// Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.给子类重写, 增加一些web环境的组件
				postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

				// Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context. 调用BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor实现向容器中添加bean的定义,调用BeanFactoryPostProcessor实现向容器中添加bean的属性
				invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

				// Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.找到所有BeanPostProcessor的实现, 排序后放入容器
				registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

				// Initialize message source for this context.国际化配置
				initMessageSource();

				// Initialize event multicaster for this context.判断是否有广播器实现, 如果没有就new一个
				initApplicationEventMulticaster();

				// Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses. 空实现, 给继承类实现. 在web环境中创建web容器
				onRefresh();

				// Check for listener beans and register them.向广播器添加监听器实现, 如果事件监听器还没创建后, 暂时添加到earlyApplicationEvents
				registerListeners();

				// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.初始化单例bean
				finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

				// Last step: publish corresponding event.发送ContextRefreshedEvent事件
				finishRefresh();
			}

			catch (BeansException ex) {
				if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
					logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
							"cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
				}

				// Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
				destroyBeans();

				// Reset 'active' flag.
				cancelRefresh(ex);

				// Propagate exception to caller.
				throw ex;
			}

			finally {
				// Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
				// might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...清空缓存
				resetCommonCaches();
			}
		}
	}

Bean实例化解析

Bean实例化由finishBeanFactoryInitialization方法完成.

protected void finishBeanFactoryInitialization(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
		// Initialize conversion(改造) service for this context.如果有,就设置
		if (beanFactory.containsBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME) &&
				beanFactory.isTypeMatch(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class)) {
			beanFactory.setConversionService(
					beanFactory.getBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class));
		}

		// Register a default embedded value resolver if no bean post-processor
		// (such as a PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer bean) registered any before:
		// at this point, primarily for resolution in annotation attribute values.
		if (!beanFactory.hasEmbeddedValueResolver()) {
			beanFactory.addEmbeddedValueResolver(strVal -> getEnvironment().resolvePlaceholders(strVal));
		}

		// Initialize LoadTimeWeaverAware beans early to allow for registering their transformers early.AOP中织入的工具类, 一般不会用这种方式
		String[] weaverAwareNames = beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(LoadTimeWeaverAware.class, false, false);
		for (String weaverAwareName : weaverAwareNames) {
			getBean(weaverAwareName);
		}

		// Stop using the temporary ClassLoader for type matching.
		beanFactory.setTempClassLoader(null);

		// Allow for caching all bean definition metadata, not expecting further changes.正在实例化,不要添加新的bean的注册
		beanFactory.freezeConfiguration();
        
		// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.具体实例化过程, 看下面注解
		beanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons();
	}
	
	//实例化bean
	public void preInstantiateSingletons() throws BeansException {
		if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
			logger.trace("Pre-instantiating singletons in " + this);
		}

		// Iterate over a copy to allow for init methods which in turn register new bean definitions.
		// While this may not be part of the regular factory bootstrap, it does otherwise work fine.
		List<String> beanNames = new ArrayList<>(this.beanDefinitionNames);

		// Trigger initialization of all non-lazy singleton beans...
		for (String beanName : beanNames) {
		//描述bean的元信息
			RootBeanDefinition bd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
			if (!bd.isAbstract() && bd.isSingleton() && !bd.isLazyInit()) {
			//通过是否实现FactoryBean接口判断是否为工厂Bean
				if (isFactoryBean(beanName)) {
					Object bean = getBean(FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX + beanName);
					if (bean instanceof FactoryBean) {
						final FactoryBean<?> factory = (FactoryBean<?>) bean;
						boolean isEagerInit;
						if (System.getSecurityManager() != null && factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean) {
							isEagerInit = AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction<Boolean>)
											((SmartFactoryBean<?>) factory)::isEagerInit,
									getAccessControlContext());
						}
						else {
							isEagerInit = (factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean &&
									((SmartFactoryBean<?>) factory).isEagerInit());
						}
						if (isEagerInit) {
							getBean(beanName);
						}
					}
				}
				else {
				//实例化Bean, 看下面的注解
					getBean(beanName);
				}
			}
		}

		// Trigger post-initialization callback for all applicable beans...
		for (String beanName : beanNames) {
			Object singletonInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
			if (singletonInstance instanceof SmartInitializingSingleton) {
				final SmartInitializingSingleton smartSingleton = (SmartInitializingSingleton) singletonInstance;
				if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
					AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction<Object>) () -> {
						smartSingleton.afterSingletonsInstantiated();
						return null;
					}, getAccessControlContext());
				}
				else {
					smartSingleton.afterSingletonsInstantiated();
				}
			}
		}
	}
	//getBean(beanName)方法调用了doGetBean方法来实例化Bean
	protected <T> T doGetBean(final String name, @Nullable final Class<T> requiredType,
			@Nullable final Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly) throws BeansException {
        //拿到Bean别名指向Bean最终的name
		final String beanName = transformedBeanName(name);
		Object bean;

		// Eagerly check singleton cache for manually registered singletons. 查缓存, 是否存在该Bean
		Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
		if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) {
			if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
				if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
					logger.trace("Returning eagerly cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName +
							"' that is not fully initialized yet - a consequence of a circular reference");
				}
				else {
					logger.trace("Returning cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
				}
			}
			bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null);
		}

		else {
			// Fail if we're already creating this bean instance:
			// We're assumably within a circular reference. 查缓存
			if (isPrototypeCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
				throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName);
			}

			// Check if bean definition exists in this factory.父类工厂如果加载过该bean,就重复实例化
			BeanFactory parentBeanFactory = getParentBeanFactory();
			if (parentBeanFactory != null && !containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
				// Not found -> check parent.
				String nameToLookup = originalBeanName(name);
				if (parentBeanFactory instanceof AbstractBeanFactory) {
					return ((AbstractBeanFactory) parentBeanFactory).doGetBean(
							nameToLookup, requiredType, args, typeCheckOnly);
				}
				else if (args != null) {
					// Delegation to parent with explicit args.
					return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, args);
				}
				else if (requiredType != null) {
					// No args -> delegate to standard getBean method.
					return parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, requiredType);
				}
				else {
					return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup);
				}
			}

			if (!typeCheckOnly) {
			//标记, 正在创建中
				markBeanAsCreated(beanName);
			}

			try {
				final RootBeanDefinition mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
				checkMergedBeanDefinition(mbd, beanName, args);

				// Guarantee initialization of beans that the current bean depends on.加载依赖对象
				String[] dependsOn = mbd.getDependsOn();
				if (dependsOn != null) {
					for (String dep : dependsOn) {
						if (isDependent(beanName, dep)) {
							throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
									"Circular depends-on relationship between '" + beanName + "' and '" + dep + "'");
						}
						registerDependentBean(dep, beanName);
						try {
							getBean(dep);
						}
						catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
							throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
									"'" + beanName + "' depends on missing bean '" + dep + "'", ex);
						}
					}
				}

				// Create bean instance.
				if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
				//ObjectFactory
					sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, () -> {
						try {
							return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
						}
						catch (BeansException ex) {
							// Explicitly remove instance from singleton cache: It might have been put there
							// eagerly by the creation process, to allow for circular reference resolution.
							// Also remove any beans that received a temporary reference to the bean.
							destroySingleton(beanName);
							throw ex;
						}
					});
					bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
				}

				else if (mbd.isPrototype()) {
					// It's a prototype -> create a new instance.
					Object prototypeInstance = null;
					try {
						beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
						prototypeInstance = createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
					}
					finally {
						afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
					}
					bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(prototypeInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
				}

				else {
					String scopeName = mbd.getScope();
					final Scope scope = this.scopes.get(scopeName);
					if (scope == null) {
						throw new IllegalStateException("No Scope registered for scope name '" + scopeName + "'");
					}
					try {
						Object scopedInstance = scope.get(beanName, () -> {
							beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
							try {
								return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
							}
							finally {
								afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
							}
						});
						bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(scopedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
					}
					catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
						throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,
								"Scope '" + scopeName + "' is not active for the current thread; consider " +
								"defining a scoped proxy for this bean if you intend to refer to it from a singleton",
								ex);
					}
				}
			}
			catch (BeansException ex) {
				cleanupAfterBeanCreationFailure(beanName);
				throw ex;
			}
		}

		// Check if required type matches the type of the actual bean instance.
		if (requiredType != null && !requiredType.isInstance(bean)) {
			try {
				T convertedBean = getTypeConverter().convertIfNecessary(bean, requiredType);
				if (convertedBean == null) {
					throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());
				}
				return convertedBean;
			}
			catch (TypeMismatchException ex) {
				if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
					logger.trace("Failed to convert bean '" + name + "' to required type '" +
							ClassUtils.getQualifiedName(requiredType) + "'", ex);
				}
				throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());
			}
		}
		return (T) bean;
	}

自定义创建Bean

o1=>operation: CreateBean
o2=>operation: resolveBeforeInstantiation
o3=>operation: applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInstantiation
o4=>operation: 自定义实现postProcessBeforeInstantiation

o1->o2->o3->o4

实例化流程

o1=>operation: getBean
o2=>operation: doGetBean
o3=>operation: getSingleton
o4=>operation: createBean
o5=>operation: resolveBeforeInstantiation
o6=>operation: doCreateBean
o7=>operation: createBeanInstance
o8=>operation: instantiateBean
o9=>operation: instantiate
o10=>operation: populateBean
o11=>operation: initializeBean

o1->o2->o3->o4->o5->o6->o7->o8->o9->o10